Penulis: Nurnadiah Zamri, Mohd Lazim Abdullah

Numerous challenges in sustainable science that decision-makers confront today stem from a lack of effective decision-making tools. Inadequate procedures often result in inconsistency and ambiguity in the choices made. To gain a deeper understanding of these issues and facilitate sound decision-making, the application of appropriate mathematical theories is crucial. This book serves as a comprehensive resource, offering both a basic introduction and advanced insights into various mathematical approaches rooted in the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). TOPSIS is a well-established Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) tool widely applicable across diverse fields for managing multiple choices. In addition to delving into TOPSIS, the book also explores the theories of Fuzzy TOPSIS (FTOPSIS) and Interval Type-2 FTOPSIS (IT2FTOPSIS). Furthermore, it features a bonus chapter introducing a novel IT2FTOPSIS theory. The application of these theories is demonstrated and implemented in real-world sustainable science cases, such as supplier selection, road accidents, flood control projects, and sustainable energy planning. This book is designed to guide a diverse audience, including young researchers, academicians, students, decision-makers, and scientists, through step-by-step theories accompanied by practical applications.